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On this weblog concerning the design, deployment and automation of the Black Hat community, we’ve got the next sections:
- Designing the Black Hat Community, by Evan Basta
- AP Placement Planning, by Sandro Fasser
- Wi-Fi Air Marshal, by Jérémy Couture, Head of SOC, Paris 2024 Olympic Video games
- Meraki Dashboards, by Rossi Rosario Burgos
- Meraki Methods Supervisor, by Paul Fidler
- A Higher Method to Design Coaching SSIDs/VLANs, by Paul Fidler
Cisco is honored to be a Premium Associate of the Black Hat NOC, and is the Official Community Platform, Cellular Machine Administration, Malware Evaluation and DNS (Area Title Service) Supplier of Black Hat.
2022 was Cisco’s sixth 12 months as a NOC associate for Black Hat Europe. Nevertheless, it was our first time constructing the community for Black Hat Europe. We used experiences of Black Hat Asia 2022 and Black Hat USA 2022 to refine the planning for community topology design and tools. Beneath are our fellow NOC companions offering {hardware}, to construct and safe the community, for our joint buyer: Black Hat.
Designing the Black Hat Community, by Evan Basta
We’re grateful to share that Black Hat Europe 2022 was the smoothest expertise we’ve had within the years at Black Hat. That is because of the 15 Cisco Meraki and Cisco Safe engineers on web site (plus just about supporting engineers) to construct, function and safe the community; and nice NOC management and collaborative companions.
To plan, configure, deploy (in two days), preserve resilience, and get well (in 4 hours) an enterprise class community, took loads of coordination. We recognize the Black Hat NOC management, Informa and the NOC companions; assembly every week to debate the very best design, staffing, gear choice and deployment, to fulfill the distinctive wants of the convention. Take a look at the “Meraki Unboxed” podcast – Episode 94: Learnings from the Black Hat Europe 2022 Cybersecurity Occasion
We should permit actual malware on the Black Hat community: for coaching, demonstrations, and briefing classes; whereas defending the attendees from assault inside the community from their fellow attendees, and forestall dangerous actors from utilizing the community to assault the Web. It’s a vital steadiness to make sure everybody has a protected expertise, whereas nonetheless with the ability to be taught from actual world malware, vulnerabilities, and malicious web sites.
Along with the weekly conferences with Black Hat and the opposite companions, the Cisco Meraki engineering group of Sandro Fasser, Rossi Rosario Burgos, Otis Ioannou, Asmae Boutkhil, Jeffry Handal and I met each Friday for 2 months. We additionally mentioned the challenges in a Webex house with different engineers who labored on previous Black Hat occasions.
The mission:
Division of labor is crucial to cut back errors and keep laser centered on safety scope. Otis took the lead engaged on community topology design with Companions. Asmae dealt with the port assignments for the switches. Rossi ensured each AP and Swap was tracked, and the MAC addresses have been offered to Palo Alto Networks for DCHP assignments. Otis and Rossi spent two days within the server room with the NOC companions, guaranteeing each swap was working and configured accurately. Rossi additionally deployed and configured a distant Registration swap for Black Hat.
AP Placement Planning, by Sandro Fasser
Within the weeks earlier than deployment, our digital Meraki group member, Aleksandar Dimitrov Vladimirov, and I centered on planning and making a digital Wi-Fi web site survey. A number of necessities and restrictions needed to be considered. The report was based mostly on the ExCel centre ground plans, the house allocation necessities from Black Hat and the variety of APs we had accessible to us. Though difficult to create, with some uncertainties and infrequently altering necessities as a result of variety of stakeholders concerned, the surveys AP placement for finest protection ended up being pivotal on the occasion.
Beneath is the Sign Power plan for the Expo Corridor Flooring on the 5 GHz band. The unique plan to go together with a dual-Band deployment was adjusted onsite and the two.4 GHz band was disabled to boost efficiency and throughput. This was a choice made in the course of the community setup, in coordination with the NOC Management and based mostly on expertise from previous conferences.
Upon arrival on the ExCel Centre, we performed a walkthrough of the house that the majority of us had solely seen as a ground plan and on some images. Because of good planning, we might begin deploying the 100+ APs instantly, with solely a small variety of modifications to optimize the deployment on-site. Because the APs had been pre-staged and added to the Meraki dashboard, together with their location on the ground maps, the principle work was inserting and cabling them bodily. Throughout operation, the ground plans within the Meraki Dashboard have been a visible assist to simply spot an issue and navigate the group on the bottom to the suitable spot, if one thing needed to be adjusted.
Because the sponsors and attendees stuffed every house, within the Meraki dashboard, we have been in a position to see in real-time the variety of shoppers linked to every AP, at the moment and over the time of the convention. This enabled fast response if challenges have been recognized, or APs could possibly be redeployed to different zones. Beneath is the ExCel Centre Capital Corridor and London Suites, Degree 0. We might swap between the 4 ranges with a single click on on the Flooring Plans, and drill into any AP, as wanted.
The Location heatmaps additionally offered important visibility into convention visitors, each on the community and footfalls of attendees. Bodily safety can also be an essential side of cybersecurity; we have to know the way units transfer in house, know the place helpful property are situated and monitor their security.
Beneath is the Enterprise Corridor at lunchtime, on the opening day of the convention. You’ll be able to see no stay APs within the backside proper nook of the Location heatmap. That is an instance of adapting the plan to actuality onsite. In previous Black Hat Europe conferences, the Foyer in that space was the principle entrance. Development in 2022 closed this entrance. So, these APs have been reallocated to the Degree 1 Foyer, the place attendees would naturally move from Registration.
The ground plans and heatmaps additionally helped with the Coaching, Briefings and Keynote community resilience. Capability was straightforward so as to add briefly, and we have been in a position to take away it and relocate it after an area emptied.
Meraki API Integration for automated machine blocking
Throughout our time within the NOC, we had the possibility to work with different vendor engineers and a few use instances that got here up led to attention-grabbing collaborations. One particular use case was that we needed to dam wi-fi shoppers, that present some malicious or dangerous conduct, routinely after they’ve been recognized by one of many SOC analysts on the completely different safety platforms, as well as we needed to point out them a pleasant warning web page that guides them to the SOC for a pleasant dialog.
The answer was a script that may be triggered via the interfaces of the opposite safety merchandise and attaches a bunch coverage via the Meraki Dashboard, together with a quarantine VLAN and a splash web page, by way of the Meraki APIs. This integration was simply one of many many collaboration bits that we labored on.
Wi-Fi Air Marshal, by Jérémy Couture, Head of SOC, Paris 2024 Olympic Video games
Through the first day of coaching, within the Meraki dashboard Air Marshal, I noticed packet flood assaults, towards we have been in a position to adapt and stay resilient.
I additionally noticed an AP spoofing and broadcast de-authentication assault. I used to be in a position to shortly determine the placement of the assault, which was on the Foyer outdoors the Enterprise Corridor. Ought to the assaults proceed, bodily safety had the data to intervene. We additionally had the flexibility to trace the MAC deal with all through the venue, as mentioned in Christian Clasen’s part partly two.
From our experiences at Black Hat USA 2022, we had encrypted frames enabled, blunting the assault.
Meraki Dashboards, by Rossi Rosario Burgos
The Meraki dashboards made it very straightforward to observe the well being of the community APs and Switches, with the flexibility to combination information, and shortly pivot into any swap, AP or shoppers.
By means of the phases of the convention, from two days of pre-conference setup, to centered and intense coaching the primary two days, and transition to the briefings and Enterprise Corridor, we have been in a position to visualize the community visitors.
As well as, we might see the variety of attendees who handed by way of the coated space of the convention, with or with out connecting to the community. Christian Clasen takes this accessible information to a brand new stage in Half 2 of the weblog.
Because the individual with core obligations for the swap configuration and uptime, the Meraki dashboard made it quite simple to shortly change the community topology, in line with the wants of the Black Hat buyer.
Meraki Methods Supervisor, by Paul Fidler
In the event you refer again to Black Hat USA 2022, you’d have seen that we had over 1,000 iOS units to deploy, with which we had a number of difficulties. For context, the corporate that leases the units to Black Hat doesn’t use a Cellular Machine Administration (MDM) platform for any of their different exhibits…Black Hat is the one one which does. So, as a substitute of utilizing a mass deployment expertise, like Apple’s Automated Machine Enrollment, the iOS units are “ready” utilizing Apple Configurator. This consists of importing a Wi-Fi profile to the units as a part of that course of. In Las Vegas, this Wi-Fi profile wasn’t set to auto be a part of the Wi-Fi, leading to the necessity to manually change this on 1,000 units. Moreover, 200 units weren’t reset or ready, so we had these to reimage as nicely.
Black Hat Europe 2022 was completely different. We took the teachings from US and coordinated with the contractor to organize the units. Now, for those who’ve ever used Apple Configurator, there’s a number of steps wanted to organize a tool. Nevertheless, all of those could be actions could be mixed right into a Blueprint:
As a substitute of there being a number of steps to organize a tool, there may be now only one! Making use of the Blueprint!
For Black Hat Europe, this included:
- Wi-Fi profile
- Enrollment, together with supervision
- Whether or not to permit USB pairing
- Setup Assistant pane skipping
There’s a lot of different issues that may be achieved as nicely, however this leads to the time taken to enroll and arrange a tool to round 30 seconds. Since units could be arrange in parallel (you’re solely restricted by the variety of USB cables / ports you might have), this actually streamlines the enrollment and arrange course of.
Now, for the long run, while you’ll be able to’t Export these blueprints, they’re transportable. In the event you open Terminal on a Mac and sort:
cd /Customers/<YOUR USER NAME>/Library/Group Containers/K36BKF7T3D.group.com.apple.configurator/Library/Software Help/com.apple.configurator/Blueprints
You’ll see a file / package deal referred to as one thing.blueprint This may be zipped up and emailed to some else so, they will then use the very same Blueprint! Chances are you’ll must reboot your pc for the Blueprint to seem in Apple Configurator.
Machine Naming / Lock Display Messages
As talked about, the registration / lead seize / session scanning units are offered by the contractor. Clearly, these are all catalogued and have a singular machine code / QR code on the again of them. Nevertheless, throughout setup, any machine identify provisioned on the machine will get misplaced.
So, there’s three issues we do to know, with out having to resort to utilizing the unwieldy serial quantity, what units is what.
- The very first thing that we do is to make use of the Meraki API to rename Methods Supervisor Units. The script created has another performance too, resembling error dealing with, however it’s attainable to do that with no script. You will discover it right here. This ensures that the machine has a reputation: iOS units default to being referred to as iPhone or iPad in Methods Supervisor after they first enroll, so, already, that is extremely useful.
- The second factor we do is to make use of a easy Restrictions profile for iOS, which retains the bodily machine’s identify in sync with that within the dashboard
- Lastly, we then use a Lock Display payload to format the message on the machine when it’s locked:
Within the footnote, you’ll see Machine Title and Machine Serial in blue. This denotes that the values are literally dynamic and alter per machine. They embrace:
- Group identify
- Community identify
- Machine identify
- Machine serial
- Machine mannequin
- Machine OS model
- Machine notes
- Proprietor identify
- Proprietor electronic mail
- Proprietor username
- SM machine ID
On the Lock Display, it’s now attainable to see the machine’s identify and serial quantity, with out having to flip the machine over (An issue for the registration units that are locked in a safe case) or open methods preferences.
We additionally had integration with SecureX machine insights, to see the safety standing of every iOS machine.
With the flexibility to shortly test on machine well being from the SecureX dashboard.
Knowledge Safety
This goes with out saying, however the iOS units (Registration, Lead Seize and Session Scanning) do have entry to non-public data. To make sure the safety of the info, units are wiped on the finish of the convention. That is extremely satisfying, hitting the Erase Units button in Meraki Methods Supervisor, and watching the 100+ units reset!
A Higher Method to Design Coaching SSIDs/VLANs, by Paul Fidler
Deploying a community like Black Hat takes loads of work, and repetitive configuration. A lot of this has been coated in earlier blogs. Nevertheless, to make issues simpler for this occasion, as a substitute of the 60 coaching SSIDs we had in Black Hat US 2022, the Meraki group mentioned the advantages of transferring to iPSKs with Black Hat NOC Management, which accepted the plan.
For context, as a substitute of getting a single pre shared key for an SSID, iPSK performance permits you to have 1000+. Every of those iPSKs could be assigned its personal group coverage / VLAN. So, we created a script:
- That consumed networkID, SSID, Coaching identify, iPSK and VLAN from a CSV
- Created a bunch coverage for that VLAN with the identify of the coaching
- Created an iPSK for the given SSID that referred to the coaching identify
This solely includes 5 API calls:
- For a given community identify, get the community ID
- Get Group Insurance policies
- If the group coverage exists, use that, else create a bunch coverage, retaining the group coverage ID
- Get the SSIDs (to get the ID of the SSID)
- Create an iPSK for the given SSID ID
The majority of the script is error dealing with (The SSID or community doesn’t exist, for instance) and logic!
The end result was one SSID for all of coaching: BHTraining, and every classroom had their very own password. This decreased the coaching SSIDs from over a dozen and helped clear the airwaves.
Acknowledgments
Thanks to the Cisco NOC group:
- Meraki Community: Evan Basta, Sandro Fasser, Rossi Rosario Burgos, Otis Ioannou, Asmae Boutkhil, Jeffry Handal and Aleksandar Dimitrov Vladimirov
- Meraki Methods Supervisor: Paul Fidler
- Cisco Safe: Ian Redden, Christian Clasen, Aditya Sankar, Ryan MacLennan, Guillaume Buisson, Jerome Schneider, Robert Taylor, Piotr Jarzynka, Tim Wadhwa-Brown and Matthieu Sprunck
- Menace Hunter / Paris 2024 Olympics SOC: Jérémy Couture
Additionally, to our NOC companions NetWitness (particularly David Glover, Iain Davidson, Alessandro Contini and Alessandro Zatti), Palo Alto Networks (particularly James Holland, Matt Ford, Matt Smith and Mathew Chase), Gigamon, IronNet, and your complete Black Hat / Informa Tech workers (particularly Grifter ‘Neil Wyler’, Bart Stump, Steve Fink, James Pope, Jess Stafford and Steve Oldenbourg).
About Black Hat
For 25 years, Black Hat has offered attendees with the very newest in data safety analysis, improvement, and developments. These high-profile world occasions and trainings are pushed by the wants of the safety group, striving to convey collectively the very best minds within the business. Black Hat conjures up professionals in any respect profession ranges, encouraging development and collaboration amongst academia, world-class researchers, and leaders in the private and non-private sectors. Black Hat Briefings and Trainings are held yearly in the USA, Europe and USA. Extra data is out there at: blackhat.com. Black Hat is dropped at you by Informa Tech.
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